Climate change has emerged as one of the most serious dangers to world heritage, both at present and in the immediate future. The Mediterranean, in particular, is already affected by the impacts of the climate crisis, which endangers archaeological sites, monuments and landscapes. The region, an epicenter of world civilization, preserves an extremely rich body of archaeological treasures and cultural traditions. Moreover, the loss of cultural heritage has devastating impacts on local communities and societies, thus making mitigation policies and adaptation measures an urgent necessity for a sustainable future. We need to document, analyze and understand the remnants of the past and their socioeconomic relevance as we enter an era of crisis and volatility. Advances in science and technology provide new tools and offer interdisciplinary methodological perspectives which can significantly contribute to our efforts to preserve and protect our cultural heritage.